a. Liver dysfunction: History of hepatitis B, hepatitis C, cirrhosis, portal hypertension, esophageal varices, chronic alcohol abuse or congestive hepatopathy.
b. Peripheral arterial disease (PAD): Documented PAD, history of vascular surgery or percutaneous intervention, documented abdominal aortic aneurysm or an imaging study suggesting vascular disease. To note, disease in the carotid, cerebrovascular arteries or thoracic aorta are not considered PAD.
c. History of smoking – Past or current cigarette smoking.